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Conservation With Kate


I have been thinking a lot recently about just how bloody hard conservation is. In the wake of the Notre Dame fire, Jonathan Kolby from National Geographic went viral for a statement he made comparing the fire to the battles faced on conservation. 

I hope it goes without saying but, the parallels to the fire in no way diminish my deep sadness for the people of Paris, and all who felt a connection to the cathedral. Everyone has their place that makes them feel happy and safe, and reminds them of wonderful memories. To see that place burn is a horrible thing, and I completely get that.

This is Jonathan's quote, if you haven't seen it:


His words really got to me because he is right. As people who care deeply for the environment, we are watching it burn slowly and torturously every day. I am a positive person, and I try hard to be because I do believe there is no point wasting energy on being negative or mad at the world. Obviously, we all have bad days and that's fine, but I try to find good in things and not worry about something until I have to. I think it's easier to be happier if you look at the world in a positive light. 

This is hard sometimes in conservation because there are so many wicked problems coming at you from every angle. We are heading into a sixth mass extinction. We are heading towards a climatic catastrophe. We are so close to causing irreparable damage to this planet, and often it feels like no one cares. 

Nature has always, and will always be, my greatest source of happiness. It is where I feel happy and safe, 'my Notre Dame'. When I think of the times I've felt happiest or most at peace, they are almost all outdoors or involving wildlife. I think this is true of most conservationists, and a lot of other people too. So in some ways, it's easy to remain positive in conservation because you just have to think about what you're fighting for. 

Conservation is a value-laden discipline. Some people probably think that's a bad thing. I can see why to a degree: if you're too emotionally invested in something it can be hard to step back and make rationale decisions. However, I think what makes conservation successful is that it is a value-laden discipline. If conservationists didn't care as much as they do, nothing would get done. 

I find it really hard when people don't care as much as I do. This really isn't great because I am extremely passionate and it's rather unreasonable of me to expect everyone to exude the same level of passion as I do. This is a fault on me, not everyone else. It's something I'm working on for myself, but I think Jonathan Kolby touched on this is a beautiful way that has stuck with me. 

You don't have to care as much as I do, but you should care. 

I think herein lies the frustration Jonathan was getting at. "We're surrounded by burning cathedrals built across millennia and no one seems to care." This line broke me a little. I honestly had goosebumps and I didn't know what to say/think. I completely feel what he is feeling. It was a painful truth I wasn't ready for. 

But then I thought about it some more. People do care. They really do. A lot. It was not just conservationists or employees of NatGeo that were making similar comparisons. I saw Jonathan's quote shared by tonnes of people who day-to-day have nothing to do with conservation. Our Planet (now streaming on Netflix) is having a similar impact. People are watching it and feeling passionate and driven.

This is so so important, and I really hope it is not lost. The problem is in translating that emotion into action.

The cynic in me finds it hard not to think that this is just "today's news" and tomorrow something else will come along, and all these people who read/shared his quote and felt something, or feel awakened by Our Planet, will go back to their lives and not really give it another thought. 

As someone who has decided to dedicate their life to conservation, this hurts me. I am only 22 so that might seem like a dramatic statement, or a little premature, but I am not studying this masters for a laugh: I fully intend to remain in this field for life. Plus, I actively try to live my day-to-day life as sustainably as possible. I am also fully aware that there are hundreds of issues worldwide that I may be ignorant of. Obviously I try my best to be clued in on what's going on in the world, and for me, yes climate change and conservation are the stand out issues. But that's not true of everyone, and of course that's okay. 

What is hard for conservationists, or at least for me, is when people speak empty words, and do nothing. 

Maybe I'm being unfair? Maybe sharing memes or quotes about the struggles of climate change and conservation is doing something? We all know public opinion can be a major force in driving change, and so merely supporting Jonathan's argument on instagram is a step in the right direction. 

But is it enough? I don't think it is. 

It would be unreasonable for me to ask you all to drop what you're doing and apply for a job in conservation, so I won't do that (but if you're feeling inspired you have my full support). However, what I do ask is, if you do care: do more. Don't just talk about it, and when you are talking about it, talk to people who don't care, or who don't know enough. 

It's so lovely and wholesome being surrounded by like-minded people, but these aren't the people we need to listen. We could all sit around the fire talking about what wonderful people we are and how we're saving the planet; and bond over how much we hate oil companies and rhino poachers and have a jolly good time. But that's achieving nothing. 

I think this stream of consciousness born from Jonathan's quote has forced me to realise all these things I was feeling. How lonely  and frustrating conservation can feel. How it can seem like a losing battle. How many of our goals may be unachievable, or at least rely on so many external factors that we can't rely on (*cough* politicians). 


I do honestly believe we can have a green future. I don't think all hope is lost. I don't accept global warming will increase more than 2 degrees. I don't accept that rhinos, polar bears, and tigers will go extinct in my lifetime. Call me naive, call me a dreamer, call me a snowflake if you really must (although please don't, I really cannot stand that term). There are ways to tackle climate change and there are ways to conserve biodiversity. They just need to be done. 

Admittedly a lot of this does rest on the shoulders of governments worldwide. Climate change protests have been gaining momentum, and news coverage. I know protests can be a controversial topic, but there is growing frustration towards the inaction of the government to do anything and protests help us start conversations. 

Pressure needs to be put on the government to do more in tackling environmental issues. It is plain truth that not enough is being done. 

As I've mentioned, there are hundreds of issues worldwide that also need more attention. It's not just extinction and climate change. For me, the reason these two stand out are because they will impact everyone. Climate change does not discriminate based on gender, age, religion, sexuality. We will all be impacted, albeit not equally. People in developing nations will be disproportionately worse of: the cruelest irony. 

The second reason they stand out for me is because they are largely man-made. We have manufactured ourselves a devastating, unsustainable, and almost irreversible disaster. Would the world be a better place without people in it? Yes.. no.. maybe.. I don't know! It's really not for me to say. We're here now. We have a chance to fix things. We can take it, but not solely with words: with action too. 
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I just finished my 'Freshwater Conservation' module of my masters degree and I want to talk about it. 
I haven't written much about my masters course so here's a quick run-down of what I'm doing: I'm studying Conservation Biology at the University of Cape Town. It's a dream come true and I love it so much. 
It's very intense and challenging, as to be expected with a masters programme, but it really is great. It's not like conventional uni in the sense that the modules run back-to-back, rather than side-by-side. So each module is 1-3 weeks, and that's all you do in that time. Then it's over and on to the next. This is great because you can fully immerse yourself in it, but obviously it has it's pitfalls: namely that each module is over quick and every week is just as intense as the last. 

So last week was 'Freshwater Conservation'. Most of my experience is in terrestrial ecology/conservation and I knew very little about freshwater conservation. I had studied rivers in my geography degree (anyone who has studied geography in the UK knows how much the lecturers love rivers), but very little on the ecology. I was interested to learn more but wasn't expected to love the module as much as I did. 

The best thing about studying conservation in a global biodiversity hotpot (the fynbos) is the field trips. We have at least one per module which is awesome. This module however went above and beyond, with a two night stay studying the Witte River, in Bainskloof (about 1.5 hours from Cape Town). 
Whether you study an environmental science or not, I think we can all agree that getting out of the classroom is always preferable to staying in it. This is definitely true of conservation. People studying conservation are doing it because they love nature, but studying nature seems to involve a lot of time in front of a computer screen. It is so essential to go back to nature every now and then (or you know, as much as humanly possible) to remind yourself why you care, and to just give yourself a break. For me, fieldwork is the perfect middle ground. 
The trip to Bainskloof essentially gave us an introduction into some field work sampling techniques involved in freshwater conservation and research, some of the problems facing these systems. 

We set fyke nets in the river to see what's living there. My simple explanation of fyke nets is: they are big nets, cylinder or cone-shaped, that sit at the bottom of the river (when you attach them to something like a rock) with a wide opening. The have two 'wings' that fan out of the front and guide the fish in. 'The fish can get in but can't get out' is the basic principle. (The fish technically can get out but they don't know that. )


Fyke nets

The Witte River has a natural barrier (essentially some rocks at a slightly higher elevation to the river below tightly packed so fish can't just swim through), and so we set nets above and below it. There have been a number of invasions on the river: species that are not naturally found here have been brought here and introduced and are now damaging the ecosystem. The most notable ones are species of catfish, trout, and bass, as these predate on the indigenous fish. These fish are only found downstream of the barrier (for now) and so there is refuge upstream for indigenous fish. We set the nets above and below the barrier to compare. The nets don't harm the fish and are a standard sampling technique. 

Below the barrier we only caught invasive fish: sharp-toothed catfish and small-mouthed bass. This was disappointing and worrying. There is a possibility that some poor indigenous fish did swim into the net, and were then predated on by these invasives. However, when we were swimming around in these areas and laying the net, we did not see a single native fish. 

Above: Sharp-tooth catfish
Below: Left: Smallmouth bass. Right: Sharp-tooth catfish.

Above the barrier, it could be a completely different river. There are fish everywhere. It's amazing. They are much smaller but there are hundreds of them.
There is also a lot more algae. This is because the native fish - eg red-finned minnows and cape kurper - feed on the invertebrates (animals without a backbone - insects mostly) which feed on the algae. By having the indigenous fish there to control the herbivore populations, the algae has more opportunity to grow. Below the barrier, this isn't happening, and so there is a notable different in algae growth (and slippery-ness of the rocks). 
I don't think I've ever seen such a clear contrast with my own eyes before due to invasive species. There are so many fish above the barrier, and basically none below. It's shocking.

Above the barrier!

The fish were introduced for various reasons (mostly angling) and some were more recent than others. Some were about 100 years ago, but the catfish are a much more recent invasion. Furthermore the catfish are much better colonisers, and there is fear they will be able to cross the barrier. They can cope out of water for a fair amount of time and can essentially walk on slippery surfaces. 


Photo: Conor Eastment
The good news is, we only found indigenous fish above the barrier! This is hopeful, as it suggests the invasive predators have not managed to move upstream, and so this area is still acting as a refugium for the native species. Hopefully it'll stay this way. 
We did catch an eel (long-finned eel) which is native and a natural predator for the indigenous fish. This was quite exciting! The invasive predators could also be a problem for the eels if they do cross the barrier, as they would be in competition now for food.

Long-finned Eel.

We also did some invertebrate sampling. Invertebrates (insects and such) can indicate how healthy an ecosystem is. Some insects are more sensitive than others, to variables like water quality. Therefore, if you have sensitive insects in your stream, it suggests your water quality is high. Equally if you have insects with low sensitivity that can essentially survive anywhere, it might indicate that your stream is not very healthy. 
This kind of sample is really easy to do. We caught the invertebrates in a net by just moving it around the aquatic vegetation, or holding it downstream and allowing the river to do the work for us. Using an ID kit, we could ID the insects and calculate the score of river health. Anyone can do this using miniSASS: a citizen science toolkit for monitoring stream health. Read more: here. 

I made a video about the trip as well which you can find here: https://youtu.be/k9mVn5rCx1g. 

Bainskloof is really beautiful. It's worth a visit for sure. Great place to relax, swim, and just enjoy being in nature for a while. 


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I went to the #FridaysForFuture #YouthStrike4Climate in Cape Town this Friday. This was a worldwide protest to demand more action from governments on climate change. It was inspired by Greta Thunberg, who I'm sure you've heard of by now, who walked out of school almost a year ago to protest for her future. 


Young people all over the world, across 100 countries, took the the streets to demand more action is taken to tackle climate change. This is not to say that nothing is being done; it is. But it is not enough. And people have an increasing fear that the experts are being ignored. If the government won't listen to them, who will they listen to??

I truly believe we have no chance of combating climate change without a drastic shift from fossil fuels, to renewable energy. The IPCC have said we need renewable energies to be providing 85% of electricity by 2050, and coal usage gone. This is not what is happening. 

The demands of this march from the organisers are for the government to declare a climate emergency, to teach the truth about climate change in schools, to communicate the crisis better to the public, and to bring the voting age down to 16 to recognise the stake young people have in our future. 

I believe we all need to be demanding more from the government when it comes to climate change. It is THE greatest issue we have today, and have ever faced as a species. People's lives are at risk if we do not do something. Africa accounts for only 3.8% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions, but Africa is far more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change than those countries responsible for the greatest greenhouse gas emissions. 

Tackling climate change is an issue I think we can all get behind, no matter who you are. Somewhere along the line it has become a "left-wing" ideal to care about the environment. I think this is crap. Climate change will affect us all, whether you sit on the right or the left of politics, and so I think it should be something we all care about. 

The focus of these protests must continue to be change the governments can make. There are lots of changes we as individuals can make: eat less/no meat and dairy, drive less, fly less, etc etc. But if the prime minister/president turned around and said "I'm going to become a vegan and that's my pledge to tackle climate change" I would not be satisfied. I would commend them, because that is a great thing, but that is not enough. We need green economies. We need renewable energies to provide much more electricity than they are. 

I have great respect for all who protested yesterday (15 March 2019). That is a generation I am proud to be a part of. 

I stand with Greta. 






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I went kayaking along the sea front in Cape Town last week with Kaskazi Kayaks (who I very much recommend, and their Instagram is awesome). The underwater world in the western Cape is one full of all manner of ocean creatures and so I've been anxious to get out on the water. 

Well a kayak safari is a great way to see some of these marvellous animals. I saw a sun fish, penguins, seals, and dolphins. The seals and dolphins were having great fun playing in the waves, and you can get a great view from the kayak as you are so close to the water level. 

You also get an awesome view of Table Mountain and the city behind you as you move out to sea. 

It cost R400 (roughly £22) and we were on the water for at least a couple hours. I really recommend this as something to do one morning. 

I did take my GoPro, but a combination of the wide-angle not producing much more than the occasional black dot on a sea of blue, along with my over-excitement every time I saw anything, meant my photos from the experience aren't the best. So you'll have to go for yourself!




Photos by Kaskazi Kayaks. 

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I visited the famous Boulders Beach Penguin colony a few days ago after arriving in Cape Town. I have move out here for the next 14 or so months to study a masters degree in Conservation Biology at the University of Cape Town. 

Boulders Beach was one of the first things I wanted to do here in Cape Town because 1) I've never seen wild penguins before and 2) you'd have to be crazy to not want to see penguins on a beach. 

It's a really beautiful spot with clear and beautiful water, white sand, and a whole lot of penguins. The species in the African penguin. They're very comical birds, waddling up the sand and panting to cool themselves down sat on their eggs. But when they get in the water, they couldn't be more graceful. From the viewing platform you can see them swimming in the shallow water, and then bumble in the waves and start walking up the beach. 

You can walk along the boardwalk, and then go down onto a small section of the beach and spend the whole day there if you want - go swimming, sun bathe, or just watch the penguins. There are a lot more of them near the boardwalk viewing platform because people can't get on the beach there, and so they can nest there peacefully. 

Prices: 
R152 (roughly £8.55 or US$10.99) for a standard ticker
R39 for a South African resident (have to prove this with SA ID card/drivers license)

I think it's worth the R152. You can walk a small section of the board walk for free and you will most likely see penguins there to the side among the trees, but to see them in or around the water you need to pay. 

Although you will see lots of penguins there, they are an endangered facing great declines due to human encroachment on their habitat, over-fishing of their food, and the success of their main predator, the cape fur seal.





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