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Conservation With Kate

 ** This post is a repost of a blog I wrote for SheSapiens **



There is a stigma of perfectionism around environmentalism which arguable does more harm than good. By definition, perfection is unattainable. Therefore, the concept of perfectionism is more alienating than it is inspiring. When it comes to environmentalism, this can be damaging.

CHOICES

It is impossible to live a zero impact life. Just by existing, you are exhibiting a carbon footprint. Equally, all products have a carbon footprint. But we need certain things to survive and so we have to engage in some level of consumerism. Therefore, we do inevitably buy things which contribute to our carbon footprint.
 
However, you can make “better” or “worse” choices. For example, most of us have to go to work. Let’s say you live 30 minutes away from work. You can either get the bus or drive yourself. The “better” choice here is the bus: the bus is driving the journey anyway and if you’re on it, then that’s one less car on the road.
 
That was a relatively simple example: choice 1 (bus) has a much lower carbon footprint than choice 2 (car). But the thing with environmentalism is, it’s inherently complex. What if the bus takes 1 hour and the car takes 30 minutes? Furthermore, what if the more obviously “greener” choice, isn’t what it seems?
 
Let’s say the zero waste store is a 30 minute drive from where you live, but a regular supermarket is a 5 minute walk. Do you drive to the zero waste store, your boot/trunk brimming with Tupperwares and tote bags, to avoid plastic packaging on your food; or do you walk to the supermarket and accept that your pasta and vegetables might be individually wrapped in plastic?
 
Environmentalism involves constant trade-offs like these, and it’s important not to beat yourself up for not being perfect. It’s also important not to be deterred from trying to make environmentally conscious choices. Just because you can’t be perfect, doesn’t mean you can’t help.

 

WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTALISM?

Another added complication of environmentalism is, it’s an umbrella term for a lot of different stuff. Tackling climate change, preventing pollution, and conserving wildlife: all of these (massive) movements come under ‘environmentalism’. While they have similar overall objectives (a more sustainable and greener future), they are nuanced in their approaches and multifaceted in their aims. Balancing every branch of environmentalism in every decision you make is almost impossible. Balancing every branch of environmentalism overall in your lifestyle is much more achievable and much more beneficial.

 

THE ACHILLES HEEL

Convenience is the Achilles heel of most environmentalists. The ‘easy’ sustainable choices often do not have the biggest impact. Yes, it’s great you use your reusable coffee cup and don’t accept straws anymore, but neither of those things massively affect your carbon footprint or prevent the decline of endangered species. Plastic pollution and climate change are often conflated together, whereas their only real overlap is the carbon used in the manufacturing and distribution of plastic products. If you want to help tackle climate change, then you need to make choices that reduce your individual carbon emissions. If you want to tackle plastic pollution then you need to make choices than minimise how much single-use plastic you are using and dispose of plastic in a sustainable way so it doesn’t end up on land-fill. If you want to tackle the decline of biodiversity, then you need to make choices that conserve nature and wildlife.
 
Some sustainable choices are easier and cheaper than the alternative (e.g. reusable coffee cups or moon cups). But sometimes it’s quicker to jump in the car. It’s also ‘simpler’ to stick with what you know. Some people don’t want to learn to cook vegetarian food or stop buying from cheap well-known fast fashion giants over sustainable fashion brands. If you stick with the norm, you don’t have to do any research, go anywhere new, or try anything different. Many people don’t want to sacrifice convenience for sustainability, and until sustainability becomes the norm, this will continue to hinder the movement.

 


WHAT YOU CAN DO

Strive for progress, not perfectionism. Accept that you can never be the perfect environmentalist, and use this to motivate you to be the best you possibly can. Don’t worry that you cannot be 100% zero waste, flawlessly vegan, carbon neutral all the time or save every species yourself. Just worry about what you can do and inspiring others to do the same. In the words of Earthrise Studio:
“If you have to be perfect, we’d have a very small movement.”
We do not need a few perfect people: we need everyone to TRY.

 

Here’s some simple things anyone can do:

  1. Minimise your single-use plastic waste. Reuse plastic before recycling it. Throw away as little as possible.
  2. Minimise your carbon transport footprint: utilise public transport as much as you can (if/when it is safe to do so with the pandemic) and walk/cycle short journeys.
  3. Minimise your meat consumption. Start by cutting down and gradually reduce it. Why not try going 4 or 5 days a week without meat?
  4. Compost! 6.6million tonnes of food was wasted in the UK in 2018, 70% of which could have been eaten.
  5. Buy second hand clothes.
  6. Support local and sustainable businesses.
  7. Support conservation efforts and organisations.
  8. Only plant indigenous species in your gardens and homes. Avoid invasives or introduced species which could negatively impact local wildlife.
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Fast fashion is defined as inexpensive clothing produced rapidly by mass-market retailers to meet demands of latest trends. The fashion market is constantly changing, and so brands have to keep up by continually producing new products for the mass market. This translates to roughly 80-100 billion items of clothing being produced annually. For all of those items to be homed, every single person in the world would need to buy 10-13 items every year. Maybe that doesn't sound like a lot to you, but think about the millions of people in the world who don't have access to clean water, let alone high street fashion. Because of this mass production, the fashion industry generates 4% of all global waste, 92 million tons. Furthermore, a report by the Global Fashion Agenda in 2017 found that the fashion industry is responsible for the emission of 1.715 millions tons of carbon dioxide, roughly 4.3% of global carbon emissions. 

The ecological and carbon footprint of the fashion industry has been in the firing line in recent years. Many people were likely unaware of the impact this industry was having, as it is so far removed from your typical environmental discussion. Talks of climate change tend to focus on planes, cars, steaks, and oil, not dresses, labels, fabrics, and blazers. But anything and everything has a carbon footprint, and it just so happens that fashion has a big one.

Many of our favourite high street brands are guilty of centring their business around a model of fast fashion: mass production, quick turnarounds, high waste. H&M is a perfect example. Their business model involves producing high volumes of clothes, and moving them from the production table to the shop floor as quickly as possible. H&M outsources production to factories throughout Asia and Europe. In Bangladesh and Cambodia, they purchased 100% of their factory outputs for 5 years up front, making them the sole customer of those factories. This enables them to have a stronger grip on improving working conditions, but also maximising productivity. H&M also produces 20% of their products based on present day trends, whereas the other 80% is produced in advance based on expected trends. Using IT technology, they are able to produce that 20% on the go, and ship it out to their stores as and when. This reduces their lead times and posits them ahead of competitors on latest trends. This has been a key strategy for the success of the brand, but highlights how quickly the fashion industry can change. The fact that brands feel the need to be able to produce 20% of their products and have them in stores in real time shows that they believe people will not buy them later down the line. They have to have them now. This now-culture is what makes fast fashion such a problem environmentally.

We live in a consumerist society, where we can buy something we want today, and have it at our front door tomorrow. While these advances have arguably improved our daily lives and economies, they have allowed for a cultural shift in expectations. Living through COVID-19 strict lockdowns, where we can't always get the exact groceries we want, and we can't always have something delivered the next day, and the frustration and damage this is causing demonstrate how accustomed we have become. The carbon footprint of this now-culture is making waves, and more and more articles (like this one) are published expressing concern, and some even attacking industries like the fashion industry for their environmental impact. It's not the fashion industries fault; it's ours. 

Successful business has always worked off basic principles of supply and demand. Technological advances have created a world where unreasonable and absurd demands have become the norm. You can consume as many products as you want, have them delivered the next day (or even the same day) without ever leaving your bed. Everything is literally a couple of clicks away. As long as this demand exists, businesses like H&M will supply products to feed it. And, why shouldn't they? Yes you could argue about the moral ramifications of manufacturing products when you know roughly 80% will eventually end up in landfill, or running a business which is polluting the atmosphere with CO2. But, you could make the same moral argument to every single one of their customers. If their business is thriving from their fast fashion now-culture model, how can we expect them to change? Money makes the world go round.

If we truly want to do anything about fast fashion and the wasteful nature of the fashion industry in general, we have to put our money where our mouth is. Stop investing in fast fashion. Don't give a single penny/cent of your money to an industry that knowingly dumps 10 million tons of clothes on landfills, where dyes can leach chemicals into the soil to be washed elsewhere and cause ecological damage. 

Slow fashion
The slow fashion movement focusses on sustainability, and considers the impact of clothes before buying them, on people, animals, and the environment. Much of the slow fashion movement centres around the environment, but what is so great about it is the incorporation of the humanitarian aspect too. The fashion industry is sometimes known for appalling working conditions and unfair treatment of workers, particularly brands who produce their clothes in lesser developed countries. Their working conditions are often sub-standard (to put it nicely) and they often do not pay their workers anywhere near enough for the hours/work they do. This is often the appeal of locating factories in certain places, and explains why products can be priced so low. We absolutely should not be supporting brands that use such practises. The slow fashion movement takes into account the treatment of staff and thus, often the sustainable choice is the humanly ethical choice too. 

We've all been guilty of supporting fast fashion in the past (if you can truly say you haven't - bravo). But there are really simple ways to ensure you don't ever have to again, and still have a bomb wardrobe. 

Slow fashion dos: 

  1. Shop second hand; buy nothing new. Charity shops are stocked with gems and your money is going to a good place; apps like Depop have tons of great stuff and a lot of it is in perfect condition. If someone else has shopped from fast fashion brands but is now selling them on and you buy them second hand: that's slow fashion! You are preventing those items becoming waste and so it may be fast fashion brands, but its slow fashion!
  2. Swap clothes with your friends/family, including younger generations when you outgrow something
  3. Mend your broken clothes! Such an important element of the slow fashion movement is to upcycle: reusing materials what would otherwise be considered waste
  4. If you are buying clothes, buy high quality items you will keep for years
  5. Donate your old clothes: charity shops/shelters 
  6. Buy from ethical, sustainable brands. Some great examples are Patagonia and TALA (click here for more). It is also good to support local/small businesses/designers.
  7. Shop local!! A major issue with the fashion industry is that the products are flown/shipped all over the world. The transport of clothing wracks up a major carbon footprint and so if something is local made, then it hasn't travelled far to get to you and so it's carbon footprint is substantially lower
  8. Know your fabrics. Silk for example has a low carbon footprint; Denim and cotton are highly water intensive; wool is biodegradable but often sheep farming practises are damaging for the environment, but sustainable wool is a great choice. Understanding the materials helps you make smarter choices. 

Fashion is something that is important to a lot of people. Many choose to express themselves through their clothes, perhaps through the colours they wear or the style they represent. Many consider it an interest or thousands make successful careers in this booming industry. 

Whether you would say you're particularly interested in fashion, whether you follow the latest trends, have your token style, wear pink on Wednesdays, or live in activewear 24/7, we all wear clothes every single day. We are all stakeholders of some sort in the fashion industry. 

If clothes are how you express yourself, then express yourself as someone who cares about the environment, people, and animals. Be a conscious consumer, and we can all slow down fast fashion.
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Veganism. The marmite of dieting. Some people have a very negative perception of veganism in principles and practise. Some think veganism is the greatest thing since sliced bread. 

Although perhaps seen by some purely as a millennial fad diet, the vegan movement is growing in popularity; not because people think its cool and edgy to eat avo bagels everyday, but because scientists have called for diet change to tackle climate change. 

The IPCC special report 15 (click here for summary) stated that people should cut back on meat and dairy consumption in an effort to combat global warming. These industries are highly polluting and contribute significantly to global GHG emissions. 

The fact is, the science is there that shows that a plant based diet is an effective way for individuals to minimise their carbon footprint. In fact, a plant-based diet can reduce your carbon footprint by as much as half compared to a meat-heavy diet. Red meat in particular is responsible for the most GHG emissions. 

I have been vegan for a little over a year, after being flexitarian and then veggie for a few years. But I am in no way the perfect vegan. I eat cheese at Christmas, and have the occasional dairy milk (maybe more than occasional...). There is a stigma of perfectionism surrounding veganism. It does come in-part from other vegans. Some vegans would never ever "cheat" or divert from being 100% plant-based, and so sometimes they come down hard on vegans who sometimes digress. However, in my experience non-vegans are more judgemental. On the whole, people are lovely and don't care, but there is definitely pressure once you declare yourself as vegan to never even look at a steak or egg again. 

This is utter nonsense and does far more damage than good.

Every little helps. Something is better than nothing. Do your bit.

These statements are so commonly thrown around when discussing sustainable living and they are so important. No one is perfect and so you should never try to be. The same goes for lifestyle: you can't always be a perfect vegan or live a completely zero waste life and that's fine. Meat-free-Mondays is better than eating meat 7 days a week. Vegetarian Mon-fri and then dining out for steak at the weekend is better than eating meat 7 days a week. The occasional slice of brie or piece of chocolate (entire bar) is a massive improvement on my previous diet. The only issue I have with slogans such as "every little helps" is that people become complacent. "I could be worse so therefore I am fine" is the capitalist mantra to making people feel better. But, something is better than nothing. 

Turning vegan overnight is unrealistic. It's possible, and I applaud anyone who has done this. For me, it was a slow process over years. I initially stopped eating meat in my 2 year of university. I only ate meat if other people were cooking for me or if I went out for meals. I therefore was not buying any meat from the supermarket. My rationale was, I don't want to be rude if someone is making me a free meal, and I don't want to pay for something in a restaurant if it's not what I really want. I eventually turned completely vegetarian. This was made miles easier by the fact my friends are left-leaning environmentalists who are either veggie themselves, or would happily eat a veggie meal (and that I was a poor student who cooked 99% of my meals myself and rarely ate out). I turned vegan after reading the IPCC SR15 and have lived in Cape Town for most of that time, a very vegan-friendly city with lots of vegan restaurants. 

I recommend taking it slow. Learn some recipes, talk to other vegans (feel free comment here and talk to me), phase meat out. Try meat alternatives and see which you like (the beyond-burger is beyond-amazing). Look at your go-to meals and see how to make them veggie/vegan. Get some staples in: oat milk, nutritional yeast, beans, coconut milk, peanut butter, fruit, nuts, seeds, avocado, oreos. 

I think I can say with some confidence that is has never been easier to be a vegan. Veganuary is a craze that took the world by storm last year with immense success. Try it for one month and see how you feel. It might not work for you. If you have a nut or soy allergy for example, it will be incredibly difficult and may have adverse health impacts. Some people who suffer from IBS struggle, but some people experience massive improvements. Try it, and see. You might not stay vegan forever, but you might learn some amazing new restaurant or recipes to come back to in the future, thus reducing your meat/dairy consumption. If you plan to do veganuary, I strongly recommend signing up to: this mailing list. They send you tips and recipes EVERY DAY in January and it makes things so much easier, especially if you are completely new to this. Let me know if you try veganuary out and how it goes for you!!

I am NOT trying to induct you into a weird vegan cult. I am not even telling you to be a vegan or vegetarian.  I am expressing my opinion and I am presenting you with science. 
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Glitter is, sadly, very bad for the environment. Glitter is essentially a microplastic, and so can be extremely harmful to numerous ecosystems, especially the oceans. Their small size means they are easily consumed by animals, from plankton to whales, and this can have fatal consequences. It may look great and be fun to wear, but scientists have warned against using it, and some have called for a ban.

So, with festival season approaching, I decided to buy some biodegradable glitter. I was very exciting to learn there were biodegradable alternatives. There are in fact now, several companies offering biodegradable glitter, at the same price as regular glitter. I bought mine from festivalglitter.co.uk but loads of other brands sell it, including Gypsy Shrine, Eco Glitter Fun, and many more: simply type 'biodegradable glitter' into google and have a peruse of your options!!

I wasn't sure what it would be like: would it stay on as well as regular glitter? Would you get the same coverage? Would it even look the same?

I can confirm: it did not disappoint. I can think of no good reason now to not buy bio-glitter over regular glitter ever again! The coverage was so good, it lasted for an entire day/night at a festival (in around 30 degree heat), it came off easily in the shower, and it worked really well. I was so pleased and now plan to buy lots more to satisfy all my glittery needs - guilt free! 


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Plastic is THE hot topic at the moment, thanks largely to the work of Sir David Attenborough and his wonderful team who worked on Blue Planet II; the series that shone a light on what plastic is doing to our oceans and the extent of the problem. 

Since this series aired, there has been a noticeable decline in some everyday plastic uses and more and more people are making changes in their lives and asking how they can reduce their plastic consumption. 

If you want to know why plastic is so bad, you can read thousands and thousands of articles about it all over the internet. Instead of writing a depressing post about what a terrible state plastic has got us into, and more doom and gloom, I am going to offer 10 everyday things everyone can do to reduce their plastic consumption. The little changes DO make a difference in the long term, especially when adopted by as many people as possible. 

"It's just one straw" said 7 billion people. 

  1. Don't use straws. I have noticed in more and more bars and clubs, straws are not just handed out now and are not in reach of the bar; you have to request them. I think this is brilliant because it will dramatically reduce the number of straws these establishments go through a day. 
  2. Buy a wooden toothbrush.
  3. Use tea leaves instead of tea bags. There is plastic in tea bags, so even if you put your bags in the compost, it will not all break down and adds to plastic pollution.
  4. Re-use shopping bags. In supermarkets all over the world now, plastic bags are not free. Save yourself 5p and help the environment by re-using your bags, or using alternative bags for your shopping.
  5. Stop buying plastic water bottles. Use a reusable bottle and keep it with you. 
  6. Do the same for your coffee (or bag-free tea) on the go. Many coffee shops even offer discounts now for sustainable cups for takeaway coffee. If you forget your cup, ask for your coffee without a lid. 
  7. Buy products from cardboard boxes rather than plastic bottles when given the choice - i.e. washing detergent. 
  8. Buy loose vegetables to cut down on packaging.
  9. Use bars of soap, instead of liquid hand soap. 
  10. Use razors with replaceable blades, rather than disposable razors. 

This very short list took me about 6 minutes to write. There are hundreds of ways to cut down on plastic, and so I will inevitably come back to this issue time and time again. 

The point I mostly wanted to highlight with this list though is, often where there is plastic, there is a plastic-free alternative (or an alternative that re-uses plastic or reduces the amount of plastic). 

No one is perfect, and I'm not telling you to live a 100% plastic-free life from now on. I know that's unrealistic. However, what we can all do as individuals is think about what we are doing to the environment, make sensible choices and small changes, and reduce plastic pollution.

Found on Google Images.

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