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Conservation With Kate

Plastic is THE hot topic at the moment, thanks largely to the work of Sir David Attenborough and his wonderful team who worked on Blue Planet II; the series that shone a light on what plastic is doing to our oceans and the extent of the problem. 

Since this series aired, there has been a noticeable decline in some everyday plastic uses and more and more people are making changes in their lives and asking how they can reduce their plastic consumption. 

If you want to know why plastic is so bad, you can read thousands and thousands of articles about it all over the internet. Instead of writing a depressing post about what a terrible state plastic has got us into, and more doom and gloom, I am going to offer 10 everyday things everyone can do to reduce their plastic consumption. The little changes DO make a difference in the long term, especially when adopted by as many people as possible. 

"It's just one straw" said 7 billion people. 

  1. Don't use straws. I have noticed in more and more bars and clubs, straws are not just handed out now and are not in reach of the bar; you have to request them. I think this is brilliant because it will dramatically reduce the number of straws these establishments go through a day. 
  2. Buy a wooden toothbrush.
  3. Use tea leaves instead of tea bags. There is plastic in tea bags, so even if you put your bags in the compost, it will not all break down and adds to plastic pollution.
  4. Re-use shopping bags. In supermarkets all over the world now, plastic bags are not free. Save yourself 5p and help the environment by re-using your bags, or using alternative bags for your shopping.
  5. Stop buying plastic water bottles. Use a reusable bottle and keep it with you. 
  6. Do the same for your coffee (or bag-free tea) on the go. Many coffee shops even offer discounts now for sustainable cups for takeaway coffee. If you forget your cup, ask for your coffee without a lid. 
  7. Buy products from cardboard boxes rather than plastic bottles when given the choice - i.e. washing detergent. 
  8. Buy loose vegetables to cut down on packaging.
  9. Use bars of soap, instead of liquid hand soap. 
  10. Use razors with replaceable blades, rather than disposable razors. 

This very short list took me about 6 minutes to write. There are hundreds of ways to cut down on plastic, and so I will inevitably come back to this issue time and time again. 

The point I mostly wanted to highlight with this list though is, often where there is plastic, there is a plastic-free alternative (or an alternative that re-uses plastic or reduces the amount of plastic). 

No one is perfect, and I'm not telling you to live a 100% plastic-free life from now on. I know that's unrealistic. However, what we can all do as individuals is think about what we are doing to the environment, make sensible choices and small changes, and reduce plastic pollution.

Found on Google Images.

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I am aware I have neglected my blog for the past year - I have had my final year of university and the rumours were true - it's hard and it's difficult. I was also my favourite year at uni and I can't believe how much I am going to miss it. 

Anyway - August 2017: I visited Kruger National Park. It took me four trips to South Africa to make it to this world renowned park but I finally did it. I went for 4 days with a company called Kurt Safaris (would recommend: was very efficient). It was me and one other person and we had an incredible experience. 

We saw the Big5 - always a bonus, especially for my friend as it was his first time in Africa. Our trip consisted of one night drive, two full days in the park, and a morning safari before flying home! I was very keen to see spotted hyena and wild dog, as they are two species I have never seen before. Wild dog are incredibly rare (keep an eye out for an EndangeredSpecies post) and even in Kruger, they are only seen on average once a month. So I knew this was a big ask, but I also knew Kruger was my best chance to see both these animals. 

Well, Kruger delievered.

On our night drive we saw a pack of wild dog and a couple of spotted hyena. I'd been there about 3 hours and already was over the moon. We also saw elephants, white rhino, black-backed jackal, and countless other species on this night drive and I was left so excited for the next day. 

We ended up seeing wild dog everyday and I can't believe our luck. Lion proved challenging to find. In the end we saw two lioness, and even saw then charge some buffalo - it was suspected they had cubs nearby we couldn't see and so weren't hunting the buffalo but merely moving them on. We also saw a male lion basking in the sun. He was quite a distance away, but with a good pair of binoculars he was very clear and magnificent. 


Leopard was also a challenge, as they also are. They are solitary, elusive, and spend a lot of time in trees. In the end we saw one, just one hour before we had to leave on our last day. This leopard was only found because she was seen stealing a kill from a pack of wild dogs and hiding it up a tree near the road. By the time we saw her, she had abandoned the kill due to vehicles and was hiding in the bushes. We didn't stay long at all as it was clear she was anxious to return to her meal. 

I was anxious to see white rhino, as some believe the numbers of poaching incidents and rhino population reported in Kruger are false, and the situation is actually worse than is reported. Some believe there are much fewer rhinos in the park than they say, and to see them now is rare. I actually saw white rhino everyday (no black but that was always going to be the case as they are again rare, solitary, and elusive and there are only around 400 in the park, which is the size of Wales). I was extremely relieved to see white rhino so much and looking healthy. 


It was strange for me to see them with their full horns. Having spent most of my time in Africa on private game reserves, where de-horning has become common practise, to see these animals with their full horns was a bit of a shock. They really are magnificent beasts. Although it's beautiful to see them like this, it does make me nervous. Their horns are so iconic but so dangerous. 

Kruger presents excellent bird watching and photographic opportunities. I definitely recommend the park for that! You also get to see rare antelope species or animals you only find on really big reserves that can cater for them spatially and have high carnivore populations.



Top: Yellow billed hornbill; middle: lilac breasted roller; Bottom: fish eagle pair. 

Overall I had a great time in Kruger and am so glad I went. The wild dog sightings really were incredible and made it worth the trip. 





However, I do much prefer private reserves, and would recommend them to anyone over national parks I think if you want a more authentic experience. The national parks are great for guaranteeing more sightings and getting you close, but it'll be you alongside 20 other vehicles. For me, there were way too many other cars. 

I was baffled to learn how easy it is to drive your own car in the park. In fact, anyone can do it. I do not recommend this regardless of the obvious danger because:
  • in a game viewer you are higher off the ground which makes it easier to see animals 
  • with a trained guide you are more likely to find the animals 
  • guides provide you with information so you learn at the animals you are seeing 
  • safari companies are allowed in earlier
It's also insanely dangerous to drive around some of these animals if you don't know what you're doing. Tourists die doing this every year because they do not know the warning signs of danger, or respect the animals. There are rules, such as not leaning out of you car, that I witnessed being broken on countless occasions. I was pleased to see my guide, and others, telling these tourists when they were breaking the rules and asking them to stop. 

I want to say, this is not true of all national parks in Africa or even South Africa. I am not criticising SANParks as I know of the wonderful work they do. My visits to Pilanesberg, and the Masai Mara (where they implement strict fining rules), prove that car congestion is not a universal problem.


Overall, I had a positive experience and probably would go back, but I much prefer smaller reserves. There, you get a more intimate experience. It might take you longer to see the animals, but there will be very few/no other cars, you learn more about the reserves and the work that goes into running them and keeping the animals safe, and there are often more options than driving, such as bush walks, on offer for you to enjoy.  












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You may have seen in the headlines recently that a group of suspected rhino poachers were killed in a game reserve in South Africa by a pride of 6 lions. This was first heard by an anti-poaching dog at night. It is not uncommon to hear commotion from lions at night, and so was left by the rangers and investigated in the morning where they found it was people the lions had been attacking, and very little remained.
They were identified as rhino poachers by the weaponry they had with them; wire cutters, rifles, an axe, and food supplies for several days. These are clear signs of rhino poachers over ordinary poachers. 
It seemed clear on investigation at sunrise that some, but most likely all the poachers had been killed. 
Karma?

I have seen this story shared a few times with captions alluding to this being karma. I do not wholly disagree. I believe poaching rhinos is unmeasurably cruel. I think when you set out on a task this vicious and barbaric, you get what is coming to you. I think there is a strong argument that yes, this is karma, and karma's a b*tch. 

I also believe all life has value. I don't think you can measure that value, and such I do not believe human life is more (or less) valuable than that of our fellow creatures. 

Rhino poaching is inherently dangerous. Everyone knows this. Every time a rhino poacher sets out on a mission to kill a rhino, they are risking their lives. The african bush can kill you in a million different ways; lions, snakes, dehydration. Rhino poachers will shoot first against rangers, and rangers will have to defend themselves. Any rhino poaching expedition comes with risk. Great risk. 


So why do people do it?

Money. 

Money is the root of all evil, is it not? The kind of money you could make from killing a rhino is much greater than you could make in one night doing something else, something legal. You risk your life for the big payout. Sell your soul; put a price on your own life; risk it all. 

But people are desperate. Rhino poachers are not just the average guy you see down the street looking to earn that extra bit of cash one night. They also aren't the ones who make the majority of the money from rhino horn sales. They are the little guy in a massive, mafia-like organisation. 
And a lot of them are probably being threatened. 

The truth is, I doubt anyone wakes up and decides to become a rhino poacher. It is not a choice anyone would make; there's nothing glamorous about it. Black market trade in rhino horn comes from a vast criminal network, and the people making most of the money and calling the shots wouldn't dare risk their lives in the bush. Poachers need the money to support their families, and they themselves/their loved ones are often threatened by these criminal gangs. Desperation will drive people to do terrible things, but part of me can understand that you would kill a rhino to save your family.

Equally, what does 6 lions killing a group of rhino poachers do for rhino conservation? 
Sadly, very little. Yes, this reserve might be a little safer from poaching if there's great fear from poachers of being mauled to death by lions. But rhino poaching will not end now because of one incident. 


My point is, yes headline screams KARMA, but there is always more to the story. 



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While in Sicily I read Albina Hume's book "Miss Fortune." It is a memoir of her life which starts in a small village in Ukraine and ends with her meeting John Hume and moving to South Africa. 


Her story is incredibly powerful, and I think it's very brave and inspiring that she wrote a book to tell her story. I don't want to re-tell her story here because I won't do it justice, and you should all go read it yourself.
The book was written originally in English, which is Albina's 3rd language. That is impressive in itself, but it's beautifully written. It reads like a story, and is simple to follow. This makes it hard to put down, and you could easily read it over a weekend. 
The book tackles some really important issues that Albina has faced throughout her life. She has really had an incredible journey. The book largely follows her quest for love and marriage, and the trials she faces along the way. 
Despite a host of difficulties, there is a happy ending in South Africa with now-husband John Hume. I have met both of them before and they're both lovely people. John Hume is the world's largest rhino breeder, and the end of the book briefly discusses how he has a passion for breeding endangered animals in order to repopulate them. 
It is hard to write about this book without giving too much away. I really recommend reading it - it was a good holiday read. There are so many surprises in it and it's a remarkable memoir. I know this is a short post as I don't want to give much away, but I wanted to write this to bring some attention to the book as it really does deserve it. 


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I just got back from spending a week in Sicily, and had an incredible time. I went as my cousin's +1, with another cousin and his partner, and their two friends and their partners. It was a great group and we had an incredible villa. We had a fair few days at the villa by the pool, relaxing enjoying the sun. The weather was hot, roughly 28-31°C. We stayed near Agrigento but had rented cars so I'm going to write about some of the stuff we did. 



1. Mt Etna. 
Sicily is a volcanic island. Mt Etna is an active volcano but you can still go pretty far up it. We got cable cars from the furthest point you can drive yourself. The cable car takes you to roughly 2,400m elevation. You can then either get a bus higher, and once you get to a certain height you have to be accompanied by a guide. However we didn't get the bus, but walked up a bit further and just walked around. From there you get an incredible view of Sicily, and of the volcano. It was cooler up there too and so more bearable to walk around. It was awesome. We spent a couple hours up there before getting the cable cars back down. It was my favourite place we visited and I highly recommend it. The cable car is definitely worth getting, and doesn't last too long. 




Becky and I in the cable car
View from 2,700m

2. Taormina 
About an hour drive from Etna is a town called Taormina. We had lunch in one of the restaurants and then went to the amphitheatre there. This is definitely worth a visit - I love exploring amphitheatres and the view is incredible. You can see the ocean on both sides and the volcano. 


















3. Valley of the Temples
This is in Agrigento so was about a 10 minute drive from our villa. From the beginning to the end is about a 2km walk so doesn't take too long and is an easy walk. The view is great and the temples are really cool. They're in varying conditions but they're all pretty impressive. 




4. Staircase of Santa Maria del Monte
We had a brief stop here at sunset which I think was the best time to come. There are 142 steps so going at a cooler time of day is a good idea, and the view from the top at sunset is great. 



5. Scala dei Turchi 
This is a rocky cliff overlooking a beach we visited. It is bright white; it looks like it's been bleached. All the beaches we saw were beautiful, but this one was close to our villa and so we spent a day there. It was beautiful, and the sea was so warm. 



6. Agrigento Cathedral 
If you stay near Agrigento, or visit the temples, stopping in the town is a good idea. The cathedral is very pretty and has a good view. There are also lots of streets to get lost in and some lovely cafes. 



These are just a few things we did, but there is so much to see in Sicily it's definitely worth a trip! The weather in June was perfect so I would say it was a good time of year to go. The food is amazing, the ice cream is even better (we had ice cream every day) and the wine is great too! I had an awesome time with a great group of people.


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